Haiti Information Project

June 7, 2005

Elections: Haitis impossible nightmare?

Why are Haitis voters staying away?

The centerpiece of the international communitys policy to rebuild violence-torn Haiti is the upcoming elections that were originally scheduled to begin in October of this year. As a renewed climate of violence and insecurity continues to grip Haiti, elections remain the only process that can legitimize and justify the overthrowing of the constitutional government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide on Feb. 29, 2004.
This fact is not lost among supporters of Lavalas, the deposed presidents political party, who arguably still represent the most potent political force in Haiti today. Many independent observers have also begun to ask if the climate of violence alone explains the disinterest of Haitis electorate in the next elections.

Haitis latest wave of violence and insecurity began after the Haitian police fired on peaceful marches in the capital demanding the return of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide on Feb. 28 and April 27. At least 11 unarmed demonstrators were killed in the two attacks, prompting U.N.
Secretary General Kofi Annan to echo demands by human rights organizations for an official investigation. The U.S.-installed government of Gerard Latortue has dismissed the allegations despite statements made by Brazilian General Heleno Ribera and video footage taken by a local television station confirming the unprovoked attacks.
The video footage also shows members of Haitis police force planting guns on corpses to justify the slayings on April 27.

Since then, there have been almost daily kidnappings and killings that U.S. Ambassador James B. Foley and the local Haitian business elite continue to blame on a small and violent minority claiming allegiance to Aristide. The fact that some members of Haitis police force have been implicated in the recent spate of kidnappings has not softened the rhetoric calling for retribution and violence against pro-Aristide neighborhoods.

Haitian police have sustained an on-going attack against Bel Air, a neighborhood that served as a launching site for demonstrations demanding the return of Aristide, for the past four days. Early reports from the neighborhood claim that the police have killed at least 30 people and 15 homes have been set ablaze. The armed incursions are backed up by U.N. forces and are being described by some human rights groups as a scorched earth policy being employed against Aristide supporters.

Boycotting elections, the only way left to protest

As you approach the modest building not far from a police station in the suburb of Petion-Ville, you wouldnt know this is a meeting place for a womens organization aligned with Lavalas. On this day 20 women sit in a circle in a stifling hot room to discuss the topics of the day that include human rights abuses by the police, politically motivated rapes against them, the high cost of living and, of course, the upcoming elections.

Many of us are physical victims of the coup of Feb. 29, 2004, against President Aristide, began one woman. Most of us sitting here have been abused physically by the former military and Haitian police. All of us have lost a father, husband, brother or loved one to the violence against Lavalas that continues to this day, she continued. We have organized quietly to tell people not to register for this election. We dont go to the demonstrations because the police might kill us, and this is the only way left to us to protest the coup, she stated.

Apparently she is not alone. The body overseeing the election process, the Provisional Election Council, announced on May 30 that only 60,000 people have registered out of an eligible 4.5 million potential voters since registration began on April 25. Patrick Fequieres, president of the Electoral Operations Commission for the council, commented on a local radio station that at this rate of registration Haiti wouldnt be ready for balloting until 2007.

I am going to register! I am going to vote!

As you drive down Delmas road in Port au Prince you can see several large banners that read, I am going to register! I am going to vote! Radio stations throughout Haiti play commercials round the clock that encourage people to register. The international community and the U.S.-installed government are implementing a policy of mandatory registration. The repercussions for not obeying mandatory registration subject potential voters to fines and to paying for a new national identity card that is being offered for free during the electoral registration period. Despite these efforts, the number of people actually registering to vote remains low.

One international observer close to the process commented on the registration figures: This is the international communitys worst nightmare. If the numbers of those participating in these elections do not rise to credible levels, it will give Aristide and his supporters the argument that this was a national referendum on his ouster. This will make it an impossible nightmare for the next government to rule.
They wont have a credible mandate, and all we may have succeeded in doing [in supporting Aristides ouster] is opening the door for future instability. We have to wonder when the next Haitian government will actually finish a full term in office without having to rely upon severe repression. Its a legitimate question at this point even though we would like to avoid it.

In Haitis second largest city, Cap Haitien, there appears to be even less interest by the population in registering for the vote. There is also nothing close to the level of violence and insecurity racking Haitis capital. A peasant leader from a nearby town stated, Many of us were driven into hiding after Feb. 29, 2004, but things have calmed down a lot. We dont have anything close to whats going on in Port au Prince for the moment. It doesnt mean it cant get worse, but they cant blame violence around here for spoiling the elections. The truth is we are not interested because we dont have confidence in elections anymore. What have they gotten us in the past? More killing, more violence, higher prices  we dont see the point.

A troubling process

Despite the low registration figures and the possibility of an unprecedented low-voter turnout, consultants working with Haitis Provisional Election Council remain undeterred but wary. One consultant stated, Everyone in the international community agrees that high registration and high voter turnout is vital in order to legitimize the next government. At the same time, the basic fact is that elections will occur given the international mandate and constitutional deadlines involved  the elections will occur.

The fear is that low registration and a low voter turnout will put into question the legitimacy of the next government, he continued. At this moment in time, the prevailing view among donor nations is that the real problem is the dysfunction of the Provisional Election Council, the OAS and U.N. in their mandate for implementing the electoral process.
Only a handful of the planned registration centers have been opened.
This is unacceptable! Even if these internal problems are resolved soon, if Lavalas sympathizers abstain from registering out of political convictions, the whole political transition process will be in deep trouble.

Addressing the underlying political stalemate

For the moment, this wariness seems to be the semi-official view of most donor agencies and diplomatic circles involved in the electoral process in Haiti. Some say such a scenario would result in a new government lacking a credible mandate and heavily dependent upon backroom political deals and increasing repression to stay in office.

The alternative  negotiating for the return of deposed President Jean-Bertrand Aristide  being demanded by his supporters before the upcoming elections, is also simply unthinkable to them. But apparently so are the other basic demands of Lavalas supporters, such as freedom for political prisoners, an end to the repression against them, prosecution of police involved in human rights abuses, and a guarantee of security during the upcoming electoral campaign. The international community wants Haitians to participate in the next elections en mass without seriously recognizing and addressing this underlying political stalemate that is currently paralyzing the country. Instead, many embassies are following a path of least resistance and focusing the blame on violence and insecurity attributed to Lavalas. They have bought into the propaganda of Haitis business elite that deadly raids into poor communities by U.N. forces and the police are a quick-fix solution to the crisis.

The majority of nations involved in the current U.N. coalition dont appear willing or able to forge an independent policy and stand up to the powerful triumvirate of the United States, France and Canada. This triumvirate is widely viewed as having fomented the coup against Aristide Feb. 2004 and for currently backing Haitis traditional elite in closing all potential avenues of compromise with Lavalas. In the meantime, the violence in Haiti continues to escalate, creating the potential for a lasting impression of marginalized elections floating in a sea of blood.

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